![]() Deployment Toxicology represented a holistic approach that encompasses all components of risk assessment (hazard identification, dose–response assessment, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and communication). Deployment Toxicology was envisioned to a risk-based program to assess chemical exposures during military deployment. A major objective of DTAP is the implementation of a global surveillance system to identify chemicals with the potential to reduce human performance capacity. The military Tri-Service (Army, Navy & Marines, and Air Force) Deployment Toxicology Assessment Program (DTAP) represents a 30-year (1996–2026) planning effort to implement comprehensive systems for the protection of worldwide deployed troops against toxicant exposures. The DoD medical community’s response to the problem of prompt, accurate recognition of exposures included the Deployment Toxicology Program. Review of health surveillance and record keeping after the Gulf War indicated that there likely were situations in which health effects from exposures might not be recognized clinically. The Persian Gulf War demonstrated that the ability of US forces to recognize exposures, especially at low levels, depended on chemical detection and clinical recognition of signs and symptoms of the particular exposure. Romano, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 The Persian Gulf War and Deployment Toxicology These sensors can detect and identify trace amounts of chemical warfare agents, including nerve and blister agents, and can be configured to detect phosgene and/or hydrogen cyanide ( USEPA, 2005). Mass changes in a subset of elements because of interaction with a particular volatile chemical causes surface acoustic waves (~10 Å in amplitude, 1–100 μm in wavelength), which are detected by piezoelectric materials.Įach sensor is coated with different polymers that provide a multipattern sensor response (fingerprint) to indicate the presence of contaminants in vapor samples. ![]() For chemical detection, SAW sensors can be configured in a microarray, with each element uniquely coated. Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW) technology has been used for decades in transceiver technology and cell phone technology. ĭan Kroll, in Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, 2009 Surface Acoustic Wave Technology These sensors can detect and identify trace amounts of chemical warfare agents, including nerve and blister agents, and can be configured to detect phosgene and/or hydrogen cyanide. The subset of elements that respond to a specific VOC can be recognized by software included in the sensor, allowing for a diverse list of detectable analytes.Įach sensor is coated with different polymers that provide a multipattern sensor response (fingerprint) to indicate the presence of contaminants in vapor samples. Mass changes in a subset of elements, due to interaction with a particular volatile chemical, cause SAWs (~10 Å in amplitude, 1–100 µm in wavelength), which are detected by piezoelectric materials. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology has been used for decades in transceiver technology and cell phone technology. ![]() Dan Kroll, in Handbook of Water Purity and Quality (Second Edition), 2021 7.14.9 Surface acoustic wave technology ![]()
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